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1.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 43(5): 374-376, May 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1288559

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective To analyze effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the consumption of personal protective equipment and products (PPEP), as well as the frequency of surgical site infection (SSI) among non-COVID-19 patients submitted to cesarean sections. Methods A retrospective study was conducted in a maternity unity of a public teaching hospital which was not part of the reference service for COVID-19 treatment. It compared PPEP consumption and the occurrence of SSI after cesarean sections in monthly periods before and after the occurrence of the first case of COVID-19 in Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Personal protective equipment and products consumption was measured as units of masks, gloves, gowns, and caps, and use of alcohol-based products or soap for hand sanitation asml/patient/day. The SSI index was calculated as the proportion of cases of SSI over the number of cesarean sections performed monthly during the study period. Results There was an increase in all measured items of PPEP, with consumption of disposable masks with a median of 1,450 units in the pre-COVID period, and of 2550 in the post-COVID period (a 75.9% increase). A decrease of 49% in SSI was detected, with a median of 1.74 in the pre-COVID period and of 0.89 in the post-COVID period. Conclusion The increase in consumption of PPEP could be a result of safer practices adopted by healthcare workers with the advent of COVID-19, of which the following reduction in the occurrence of SSI could be a direct consequence. Despite the severity of the crisis, one could state that extreme situations can lead to valuable reflections and opportunities for improvement.


Resumo Objetivo Analisar os efeitos da pandemia de COVID-19 sobre o consumo de equipamentos e produtos de proteção individual (EPPI), assim como a frequência de infecção de sítio cirúrgico (ISC) em pacientes não infectadas por COVID-19 submetidas a cesarianas. Métodos Foi realizado umestudo retrospectivo em umamaternidade de um hospital público de ensino que não fazia parte do serviço de referência para o tratamento do COVID-19. Foram comparados o consumo de EPPI e a ocorrência de ISC após cesárea nos períodos mensais antes e após a ocorrência do primeiro caso de COVID-19 em Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. O consumo de EPPI foimedido emunidades demáscaras, luvas, aventais e gorros, e o uso de produtos à base de álcool ou de sabonete para higienização das mãos em ml/paciente/dia. O índice SSI foi calculado como a proporção de casos de ISC sobre o número de cesarianas realizadas mensalmente durante o período do estudo. Resultados Houve aumento em todos os itens medidos do EPPI, com o consumo de máscaras descartáveis apresentando uma mediana de 1.450 no período pré-COVID e de 2550 no período pós-COVID (aumento de 75,9%). Detectou-se também diminuição de ISC, com medianas de 1,74 no período pré-COVID e de 0,89 no período pós-COVID, com redução de 49% no valor da mediana. Conclusão O aumento do consumo de EPPI pode ser resultado de práticas mais seguras adotadas pelos profissionais de saúde com o advento do COVID-19, do qual a redução na ocorrência de ISC pode ser uma consequência direta. Apesar da gravidade da crise, pode-se afirmar que situações extremas podem gerar reflexões valiosas e oportunidades de melhorias.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control , Surgical Wound Infection/epidemiology , Cesarean Section , Hand Sanitizers , Personal Protective Equipment/statistics & numerical data , COVID-19/prevention & control , Retrospective Studies , Health Personnel
2.
An. bras. dermatol ; 95(5): 655-657, Sept.-Oct. 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-1130939

ABSTRACT

Abstract We present the case of an HIV-negative man with asymptomatic penile erythematoviolaceous papules associated with similar slightly verrucous papules in the interdigital space of the right foot. A biopsy of the penile lesion confirmed Kaposi's sarcoma. No other causes of immunosuppression were observed. Penile lesions of KS are rare in HIV-negative individuals but it should also be considered in the differential diagnosis. Careful follow-up is recommended.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Penile Neoplasms , Sarcoma, Kaposi/diagnosis , Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/diagnosis , Herpesvirus 8, Human , Diagnosis, Differential
4.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 41(2): 97-101, Feb. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003529

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective To analyze the prescription of antimicrobial agents for pregnant women admitted into the obstetrics service who presented with acute pyelonephritis. Methods Three cross-sectional studies were performed comparing the prescription of antimicrobials for pyelonephritis in pregnant women in the time periods evaluated (2010-2011: 99 patients evaluated; 2013: 116 patients evaluated; 2015: 107 patients evaluated), at the Hospital Fêmina, Porto Alegre, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The analysis was performed before and after the promotion of an institutional protocol for the treatment of pyelonephritis during pregnancy, and on a third occasion after the introduction of a smartphone-based mobile educational tool. Results The evaluation of the prescribing physicians and the adequacy of the prescriptions between the different periods studied revealed a significant increase in appropriate conduct for the choice of antimicrobial (2010: 83.8%; 2013: 95.7%; and 2015: 100%), route of administration (2010: 97%; 2013: 100%; and 2015: 100%), and interval (2010: 91.9%; 2013: 95.7%; and 2015: 100%), following the introduction of the protocol, and again after the implementation of the softwareapplicationwithorientationsontheantimicrobial treatment. Conclusion The use of specific mobile applications should be encouraged to attain a better quality and accuracy in prescriptions and to include strategies that not only reduce the risk of negative outcomes, but also improve the quality of care and treatment for maintaining the health both of the mother and of the baby.


Resumo Objetivo Analisar a prescrição de antimicrobianos para gestantes admitidas no serviço de obstetrícia que apresentaram pielonefrite aguda. Métodos Foram realizados três estudos transversais comparando a prescrição de antimicrobianos para pielonefrite em gestantes nos períodos avaliados (2010-2011: 99 indivíduos avaliados; 2013: 116 indivíduos avaliados; 2015: 107 indivíduos avaliados), no Hospital Fêmina, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. A análise foi realizada antes e após a promoção de um protocolo institucional para o tratamento da pielonefrite durante a gravidez e, em uma terceira ocasião, após a introdução de uma ferramenta educacional móvel para uso por smartphone. Resultados A avaliação das prescrições médicas e a adequação das prescrições entre os diferentes períodos estudados revelaram um aumento significativo na conduta adequada para a escolha do antimicrobiano (2010: 83,8%; 2013: 95,7%; e 2015: 100%), via de administração (2010: 97%; 2013: 100%; e 2015: 100%) e intervalo (2010: 91,9%; 2013: 95,7%; e 2015: 100%), após a introdução do protocolo, e novamente após a implementação do aplicativo com orientações sobre tratamento antimicrobiano. Conclusão O uso de aplicativos móveis específicos deve ser incentivado para obter melhor qualidade e precisão nas prescrições e incluir estratégias que não apenas reduzam o risco de resultados negativos, mas que também melhorem a qualidade dos cuidados e do tratamento para manter a saúde conjunta da mãe e do bebê.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy , Pyelonephritis/drug therapy , Mobile Applications , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Obstetrics/education , Drug Prescriptions/standards , Quality of Health Care , Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/standards , Brazil , Clinical Protocols , Acute Disease , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Cell Phone , Education, Medical/methods , Hospitalization
5.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 40(1): 43-46, Jan. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1042312

ABSTRACT

Abstract Gestational syphilis is a prevalent disease in Brazil and other low and medium income countries. Desensitization to penicillin is recommended for pregnant women with syphilis who are allergic to β-lactams. This is a descriptive study utilizing outpatient medical records from 2011 to 2015 from a mother and child hospital that is part of the national healthcare system in the South of Brazil, which performs an average of 3,600 birth assistances per year. All cases of pregnant women with syphilis and presumptive diagnosis of β-lactam allergy during the study period were included. The patients referred for desensitization originated from the hospital prenatal care service, as well as from municipal/state antenatal care services. Oral desensitization was performed in the obstetric emergency room, and adult and pediatric intensive care units were available at all times. Ten patients underwent desensitization during the period of study. Personal history of urticaria was the most common reaction that demanded desensitization. All patients tolerated the procedure well, and showed no adverse reactions.We report a successful program of oral desensitization. None of the patients presented adverse reactions or complications, a fact that corroborates the feasibility and safety of the desensitization protocol. Oral administration of penicillin comes at a low cost, and optimizes the use of time and resources.


Resumo A sífilis gestacional é uma doença prevalente no Brasil e em outros países de baixa e média renda. A dessensibilização à penicilina é recomendada para mulheres grávidas com sífilis que são alérgicas a β-lactâmicos. Este é um estudo descritivo que utiliza registros médicos de 2011 a 2015 de um hospital público materno-fetal do Sul do Brasil com média de 3.600 partos anuais. Foram incluídos todos os casos de gestantes com sífilis e diagnóstico presuntivo de alergia a β-lactâmicos durante o período de estudo. As pacientes encaminhadas para dessensibilização originaram-se do serviço pré-natal hospitalar internamente, bem como dos serviços municipais e estaduais de atendimento pré-natal. A dessensibilização oral foi realizada na sala de emergência obstétrica, e a unidade de terapia intensiva estava disponível em todos os momentos para o atendimento de possíveis intercorrências. Dez pacientes foram submetidas à dessensibilização durante o período estudado. História pessoal de urticária foi a reação mais comum que exigiu dessensibilização à penicilina. Todas as pacientes toleraram bem o procedimento, e não mostraram reações adversas. Relatamos no presente manuscrito um programa bem-sucedido de dessensibilização oral à penicilina. Nenhuma das pacientes apresentou reações adversas ou complicações, corroborando a viabilidade e segurança do protocolo de dessensibilização. A administração oral de penicilina tem baixo custo, e otimiza o uso de tempo e recursos para o tratamento adequado de sífilis gestacional no cenário apresentado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Young Adult , Penicillins/administration & dosage , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy , Syphilis/drug therapy , Desensitization, Immunologic , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Administration, Oral , Treatment Outcome
6.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 53(3): 180-184, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-787349

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background - The increase in the survival following the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has seen the emergence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, renal and cardiovascular diseases as important morbidity and mortality causes together with HIV. Objective - The present study aimed to investigate the differences between HIV/hepatitis C virus coinfected and HIV-monoinfected regarding demographic and clinical aspects from a HIV/AIDS clinic in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Methods - Review of medical records of 1,030 HIV infected individuals aged 18 years or more in an urban HIV/AIDS clinic based in Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil. Clinical and demographical Data were collected from the records of the patients attended between March 2008 and December 2012. Results - The present study is a cross-sectional study among HIV-infected patients attended at a public HIV/AIDS clinic in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The prevalence of hepatitis C virus in the present study cohort was 11.8% (CI 95%: 9.9%-13.8%). Hypertension and pathological proteinuria were more common in the coinfected compared to monoinfected group. By the other hand, dyslipidemia were more common among monoinfected patients. There was no difference between the groups regarding CD4+ count or HIV-RNA. Variables significant in the univariate analysis with P<0.05 were further analyzed using a Poisson regression model with robust variance. Coinfected were likely to be older, with lower lipid levels and higher prevalence of pathological proteinuria compared to HIV-monoinfected patients. Although coinfected patients had higher prevalence of tenofovir-based regimen, there was a strong association between hepatitis C virus individuals to pathological proteinuria and dyslipidemia. Conclusion - Clinicians should recognize that coinfected and monoinfected individuals are different groups regarding the traditional and HIV-related risk factors and should be managed and screened individually in order to prevent cardiovascular and renal complications.


RESUMO Contexto - O aumento da sobrevida após a introdução da terapia antirretroviral nos pacientes vivendo com HIV tem como consequência o aparecimento de doenças emergentes nestes pacientes, como a hepatite pelo vírus C, doenças renais e cardiovasculares. Objetivo - O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar as diferenças entre monoinfectados por HIV e coinfectados por HIV/virus da hepatite C, considerando aspectos demográficos e clínicos de pacientes atendidos em uma clínica de HIV/AIDS em Porto Alegre, Brasil. Métodos - Revisão de prontuários médicos de 1.030 indivíduos vivendo com HIV em uma clínica especializada em Porto Alegre, Brasil. Dados clínicos e demográficos foram coletados a partir dos registros dos pacientes atendidos entre março de 2008 e dezembro de 2012 na referida clínica. Resultados - O presente estudo é um estudo transversal com indivíduos vivendo com HIV, atendidos em um serviço municipal de HIV/AIDS em Porto Alegre, Brasil. A prevalência de hepatite pelo vírus C na presente coorte de estudo foi 11,8% (IC 95%: 9,9%-13,8%). Hipertensão e proteinúria patológica eram ocorrências mais comuns em coinfectados do que monoinfectados. Por outro lado, dislipidemia foi mais comuns entre monoinfectados. Não houve diferença entre os grupos quanto contagem de linfócitos CD4 totais ou HIV-RNA. Variáveis significativas na análise univariada com P<0,05 foram ainda analisadas usando um modelo de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Coinfectados eram mais velhos, com os níveis de lipídios mais baixos e maior prevalência de proteinúria patológica em comparação com indivíduos monoinfectados. Apesar de os coinfectados apresentarem maior prevalência de estarem em uso de regime contendo tenofovir, houve uma forte associação dos indivíduos infectados pelo vírus da hepatite C com proteinúria patológica e ausência de dislipidemia. Conclusão - Clínicos devem reconhecer que coinfectados e monoinfectados pertencem a grupos diferentes quanto aos fatores de risco tradicionais e aqueles associados ao HIV, devendo estes serem manejados e rastreados de forma individual, para prevenir complicações cardiovasculares e renais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Coinfection/epidemiology , Proteinuria/urine , Tobacco Use Disorder/complications , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Sex Distribution , Age Distribution , Alcoholism/complications , Dyslipidemias/blood , Middle Aged
7.
Clinics ; 70(10): 691-695, Oct. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-762957

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES:HIV-related renal diseases are the leading causes of chronic kidney diseases worldwide. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of pathological proteinuria and its risk factors among HIV patients.METHODS:A review of the medical records of 666 HIV-infected individuals aged 18 years or older in an urban HIV/AIDS clinic based in Porto Alegre in southern Brazil. Overt proteinuria was defined as a protein-to-creatinine ratio greater than 150 mg/g according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes.RESULTS:The prevalence of pathological proteinuria in the present study cohort was 20%. Characteristics associated with pathological proteinuria after univariate analysis included alcohol abuse, hepatitis C virus coinfection, the occurrence of diabetes and therapy including tenofovir. Adjusted residuals analysis indicated an association between pathological proteinuria and both a CD4 lymphocyte count below 200 cells/mm3 and a viral load higher than 1000 copies/mL. Additionally, an absence of pathological proteinuria was associated with a CD4 lymphocyte count higher than 500 cells/mm3. After adjustment for variables with p<0.2 in the univariate analysis using a Poisson regression model, tenofovir-containing regimens and a CD4 lymphocyte count below 200 cells/mm3 were significantly associated with pathological proteinuria.CONCLUSION:The risk of chronic kidney diseases in this large contemporary cohort of HIV-infected individuals appeared to be attributable to a combination of HIV-related risk factors. In addition to the traditional risk factors cited in the literature, both regimens containing tenofovir and HIV disease severity seem to be associated with chronic kidney diseases in patients with HIV. Assessment of proteinuria constitutes a novel method for chronic kidney disease staging in HIV-infected individuals and may be effectively used to stratify the risk of progression to end-stage renal disease.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , HIV Infections/complications , Proteinuria/epidemiology , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Poisson Distribution , Prevalence , Proteinuria/etiology , Risk Factors , Tenofovir/therapeutic use
8.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 19(2): 113-117, Mar-Apr/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-746507

ABSTRACT

The present study evaluated patients with diagnosis of surgical site infection (SSI) following cesarean section and their controls to determinate risk factors and impact of antibiotic prophylaxis on this condition. Methods: All cesareans performed from January 2009 to December 2012 were evaluated for SSI, based on criteria established by CDC/NHSN. Control patients were determined after inclusion of case patients. Medical records of case and control patients were reviewed and compared regarding sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Results: Our study demonstrated an association following univariate analysis between post-cesarean SSI and number of internal vaginal examinations, time of membrane rupture, emergency cesarean and improper use of antibiotic prophylaxis. This same situation did not repeat itself in multivariate analysis with adjustment for risk factors, especially with regard to antibiotic prophylaxis, considering the emergency cesarean factor only. Conclusion: The authors of the present study not only question surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis use based on data presented here and in literature, but suggest that the prophylaxis is perhaps indicated primarily in selected groups of patients undergoing cesarean section. Further research with greater number of patients and evaluated risk factors are fundamental for better understanding of the causes and evolution of surgical site infection after cesarean delivery. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/methods , Cesarean Section/adverse effects , Surgical Wound Infection/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Case-Control Studies , Cesarean Section/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control
9.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 36(3): 102-106, 03/2014. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-707161

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de germes e do perfil de sensibilidade a antimicrobianos a partir de uroculturas de pacientes gestantes atendidas em um hospital materno-infantil em Porto Alegre, Brasil. MÉTODOS : Foi realizado estudo transversal, retrospectivo e descritivo, no Hospital Fêmina, referência para atendimento às mulheres durante o pré-natal, parto e puerpério na cidade de Porto Alegre, Brasil. A partir de 1.558 uroculturas positivas, foram avaliados 482 resultados microbiológicos comunitários com perfil de sensibilidade antimicrobiana de uroculturas de gestantes em todas as idades gestacionais, atendidas no período de janeiro de 2007 a julho de 2013. RESULTADOS : O padrão de sensibilidade apresentado nesta pesquisa mostra que a escolha para o tratamento de infecção urinária durante a gravidez deve ser nitrofurantoína (para infecções não complicadas) ou cefalosporinas de segunda geração, como cefuroxima (para infecções não complicadas e complicadas), evitando o uso de ampicilina, cefalosporinas de primeira geração e sulfametoxazol/trimetoprim. CONCLUSÃO : O tratamento empírico de infecção urinária na gravidez deve ser iniciado de acordo com os padrões de suscetibilidade descritos na literatura, e revisto após os resultados de cultura de urina. .


PURPOSE : Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common conditions during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of germs and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile in urine culture isolates from pregnant patients treated at a tertiary maternity hospital in Porto Alegre, Brazil. METHODS : A cross-sectional, retrospective and descriptive study was carried out at Hospital Fêmina, a leading institution in prenatal, birth and postnatal healthcare in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. A total of 482 microbial community results were analyzed out of 1,558 positive urine cultures of pregnant women in all gestational ages treated at Fêmina Hospital between January 2007 and July 2013. RESULTS: The susceptibility pattern presented in this research shows that the choice for UTI treatment during pregnancy should be nitrofurantoin (for uncomplicated infections) or second-generation cephalosporins such as cefuroxime (for uncomplicated and complicated infections), over ampicillin, first-generation cephalosporins and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. CONCLUSION : Empirical treatment for UTI in pregnancy should be started according to the susceptibility patterns described in the literature and re-analyzed after the results of the urine culture. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/microbiology , Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Community-Acquired Infections/microbiology , Community-Acquired Infections/urine , Disease Susceptibility , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/urine , Retrospective Studies , Urinary Tract Infections/urine
10.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 17(5): 551-554, Sept.-Oct. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-689880

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of hepatitis C virus on immunological and virological responses after highly active antiretroviral therapy initiation in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus coinfected patients compared to monoinfected human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. METHODS: The study enrolled 65 human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected subjects who initiated highly active antiretroviral therapy and attended follow-up visits over 48 weeks from 2008 to 2010. They were grouped based on hepatitis C virus-RNA results. Virological and immunological responses were monitored at baseline and at the end of weeks 12, 24, 36, and 48. RESULTS: There were 35 human immunodeficiency virus monoinfected and 30 human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus coinfected patients. In the present study human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus coinfection did not seem to influence CD4 Tlymphocytes recovery. There was no difference between the curves of CD4 T-lymphocytes raise of coinfected and monoinfected groups. CONCLUSION: This prospective study confirms that hepatitis C virus infection does not seem to be associated with impaired CD4 T-lymphocytes recovery after HAART.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Coinfection/immunology , HIV Infections/immunology , Hepatitis C/immunology , /immunology , /immunology , Coinfection/virology , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Hepatitis C/complications , Prospective Studies , RNA, Viral/analysis , Viral Load
11.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 44(1): 26-29, Jan.-Feb. 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-579826

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Histoplasmosis is a systemic mycosis endemic in Brazil, especially in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, where Histoplasma capsulatum was isolated from the soil. H. capsulatum may compromise unusual areas, including the oropharynx, particularly in patients presenting disseminated histoplasmosis; which is associated with a state of immunosuppression, such as AIDS. METHODS: During database analysis of a total of 265 cases of histoplasmosis, the medical records of 11 patients with histological or microbiological diagnoses of oral histoplasmosis (OH) between 1987 and 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: This work reports 11 cases of OH, the majority presenting histopathological or microbiological evidence of disseminated histoplasmosis (DH). In the patients with DH, OH was the first manifestation of histoplasmosis. Five of the 11 patients discussed were HIV-seropositive with clinical and laboratory findings of AIDS. Four patients presented active pulmonary tuberculosis concomitant with histoplasmosis. Treatment was based on the use of itraconazole and amphotericin B deoxycholate. Eight patients responded successfully to therapy after one year, two did not come back for reevaluation and one died despite adequate therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Oral histoplasmosis is closely associated with immunosuppression status, especially in patients presenting AIDS; moreover, in many cases, OH is the first sign of disseminated histoplasmosis.


INTRODUÇÃO: Histoplasmose é uma micose sistêmica, endêmica no Brasil, especialmente no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, onde Histoplasma capsulatum foi isolado do solo. H. capsulatum pode acometer áreas não-usuais, como cavidade orofaríngea, particularmente em pacientes com histoplasmose disseminada, por sua vez, associada com estado de imunossupressão, como na AIDS. MÉTODOS: A partir de 265 casos de histoplasmose em um banco de dados de um laboratório de micologia, foram analisados retrospectivamente 11 prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstico histológico ou microbiológico de histoplasmose oral (HO) entre 1987 e 2008. RESULTADOS: Reportamos neste trabalho onze casos de HO, a grande maioria com evidências histopatológicas e microbiológicas de histoplasmose disseminada (HD). Nos pacientes com HD, HO foi a primeira manifestação de histoplasmose. Cinco dos onze casos relatados eram portadores do vírus do HIV, todos com diagnóstico clínico e laboratorial de AIDS. Quatro pacientes do total tinham concomitantemente tuberculose pulmonar e histoplasmose. Tratamento foi baseado no uso de itraconazol e anfotericina B principalmente. Oito pacientes tiveram sucesso terapêutico após um ano, dois não retornaram para reavaliação e um faleceu apesar da adequada terapia antifúngica. CONCLUSÕES: Histoplasmose oral está associada muitas vezes com estado de imunossupressão, especialmente em pacientes com AIDS. Em muitos casos pode representar o primeiro sinal indicativo de histoplasmose disseminada.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/microbiology , Histoplasmosis/microbiology , Oropharynx/microbiology , Pharyngeal Diseases/microbiology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy , Amphotericin B/therapeutic use , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Combinations , Deoxycholic Acid/therapeutic use , Histoplasmosis/diagnosis , Histoplasmosis/drug therapy , Itraconazole/therapeutic use , Ketoconazole/therapeutic use , Pharyngeal Diseases/diagnosis , Pharyngeal Diseases/drug therapy , Retrospective Studies
12.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 52(6): 329-331, Nov.-Dec. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-570733

ABSTRACT

Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic human melanized fungi infection of the subcutaneous tissue caused by traumatic inoculation of a specific group of dematiaceous fungi through the skin, often found in barefooted agricultural workers, in tropical and subtropical climate countries. We report the case of a male patient presenting a slow-growing pruriginous lesion on the limbs for 20 years, mistreated over that time, which was diagnosed and successfully treated as chromoblastomycosis. Besides the prevalence of this disease, treatment is still a clinical challenge.


Cromoblastomicose é uma infecção fúngica crônica do tecido subcutâneo causada pela inoculação traumática de um grupo específico de fungos através da pele, encontrados eventualmente em trabalhadores do campo descalços em países de clima tropical e subtropical. Relatamos aqui o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino com uma lesão dermatológica de crescimento lento e pruriginosa nos membros inferiores por 20 anos, diagnosticada e tratada com sucesso para cromoblastomicose. Apesar da prevalência desta doença em nossa região, o tratamento ainda é um desafio.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Chromoblastomycosis/drug therapy , Flucytosine/therapeutic use , Itraconazole/therapeutic use , Chromoblastomycosis/pathology , Drug Therapy, Combination , Treatment Outcome
13.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 43(6): 678-681, Nov.-Dec. 2010. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-569430

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: O impacto da terapia antirretroviral altamente ativa na progressão da fibrose hepática em pacientes co-infectados com HIV e hepatite C não está totalmente esclarecido. Marcadores não-invasivos de fibrose hepática podem ser considerados promissores no estadiamento e na monitorização da sua evolução. MÉTODOS: Um total de 24 pacientes, divididos em dois grupos: 12 monoinfectados por HIV e 12 co-infectados com HIV e HCV foram acompanhados de julho de 2008 a agosto de 2009, desde o início de HAART, a cada três meses, com avaliação de dados clínicos, epidemiológicos e laboratoriais, assim como o cálculo do índice da relação aspartato aminotransferase sobre plaquetas. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a progressão de APRI, marcador não-invasivo de fibrose hepática, entre populações portadoras do vírus do HIV e co-infectados com HIV e HCV. RESULTADOS: Os grupos estudados não mostraram diferenças quando avaliados idade, sexo, medida de CD4 e carga viral para HIV em todas visitas, tipo de HAART e APRI antes do início de HAART. O grupo de pacientes co-infectados com HIV e HCV apresentava APRI significativamente maior que o grupo de monoinfectados por HIV no terceiro (0,57 + 0,31 x 0,27 + 0,05, p = 0,02) e sexto mês (0,93 + 0,79 x 0,28 + 0,11, p = 0,04). CONCLUSÕES: Neste estudo, HAART foi associado com aumento de APRI no terceiro e sexto mês de seguimento nos pacientes co-infectados, sugerindo que nestes pode estar ocorrendo hepatotoxicidade cumulativa e síndrome inflamatória da reconstituição imune após início dos antirretrovirais.


INTRODUCTION: The impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on hepatic fibrosis progression in HIV and hepatitis C virus coinfected patients is not completely understood. Noninvasive hepatic fibrosis markers show great promise in determining liver fibrosis staging and monitoring disease progression. METHODS: Twenty-four patients divided equally into two groups: 12 HIV-monoinfected and 12 with HIV/HCV coinfected patients, were followed from July 2008 to August 2009, after initiating HAART, with clinical, epidemiological and laboratorial assessments every 3 months and calculation of the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI). This study aimed to compare the progression of APRI, a noninvasive hepatic fibrosis marker, among populations with HIV and HIV/HCV coinfection. RESULTS: No differences were observed between the groups regarding age, sex, measurement of CD4 and HIV viral load in all consultations, type of HAART and APRI before initiating HAART. Coinfected patients showed a significantly higher APRI than the monoinfected group in month 3 (0.57 ± 0.31 x 0.27 ± 0.105, p = 0.02) and 6 (0.93 ± 0.79 x 0.28 ± 0.11, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, HAART was associated with APRI increases over six months follow-up in HIV/HCV coinfected patients, suggesting that these may be experiencing cumulative hepatotoxicity and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after initiating antiretroviral drugs.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Hepatitis C/complications , Liver Cirrhosis/etiology , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Disease Progression , HIV Infections/complications , Hepatitis C/pathology , Liver Cirrhosis/pathology , Prospective Studies , Time Factors
14.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 52(2): 111-112, Mar.-Apr. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-545751

ABSTRACT

We describe a rare case of a 53-year-old man with a long history of alcohol abuse, with Enterococcus gallinarum meningitis, an organism that rarely causes human infection and is primarily found in the gastrointestinal tract of poultry. The patient improved with high-dose ampicillin and gentamicin therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first Brazilian reported case of E. gallinarum meningitis and probably the first case described in an immunocompetent host.


Descrevemos caso raro de paciente de 53 anos com história de alcoolismo prévio, com meningite por Enterococcus gallinarum, um organismo que raramente causa infecções em humanos e é encontrado principalmente no trato gastrointestinal de aves. O paciente teve melhora importante após início de tratamento intravenoso com ampicilina e gentamicina combinados. Para o nosso conhecimento, este é o primeiro caso relatado de meningite por E. gallinarum no Brasil e possivelmente o primeiro caso descrito em paciente sem imunodepressão.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Enterococcus/isolation & purification , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Immunocompetence , Meningitis, Bacterial/microbiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Enterococcus/classification , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Meningitis, Bacterial/drug therapy
16.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-552655

ABSTRACT

Introdução: As doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DST) são assunto frequente nos diversos veículos de informação, acessíveis a todas as faixas etárias e classes sociais, e alvo de campanhas de divulgação, educação e prevenção, motivadas pela grande relevância deste grupo de doenças em matéria de saúde pública. Apesar disso, ainda são crescentes os casos de DST em serviços de atendimento primário de saúde, o que põe em questionamento as razões para tal incapacidade de controle destas doenças. Objetivo: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar o conhecimento dos soldados recrutas de um quartel em Porto Alegre, RS, acerca da transmissão do vírus da imunodeficiência humano (HIV), bem como verificar a ocorrência de práticas comportamentais de risco para transmissão ou aquisição de DST. Métodos: Após aprovação do projeto por comitê de ética em pesquisa, autorização pelo comandante da organização militar selecionada e consentimento dos sujeitos da pesquisa, foi aplicado um questionário semi-estruturado a 195 soldados incorporados no ano de 2007 em um quartel em Porto Alegre, RS. Resultados: Os resultados deste trabalho mostram que embora exista adequado conhecimento sobre as formas de transmissão do vírus HIV pela maioria dos entrevistados, há ocorrência de comportamentos de risco, como a prática de sexo sem preservativos nas relações sexuais, e há referência à percepção de que a ocorrência de DST é pouco possível em suas vidas. Conclusões: Infere-se, com base nestes resultados, que embora haja conhecimento correto sobre as formas de transmissão de DST pela população estudada, há falta de comprometimento e responsabilidade ao não praticar sexo de forma segura.


Background: Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are frequently discussed in the news and midia - easily accessed by people at any age and social cast – and have been the purpose of several campaigns, educational and prevention programs, once it is a huge concern in public health matters. Despite that, cases of STD are still rising in primary attention centers, what stimulates questions on the reason why it is so difficult to control it. Aim: The present paper aimed to verify the knowledge on STD/Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) transmission and patterns of sex behavior among recruited soldiers of a military unit in Porto Alegre, RS. Methods: After approval of the ethics review board and the commandant of the military unit, an informed consent was obtained from the 195 subjects of the survey before application of a questionnaire containing topics on STD. Results: The results showed that despite an adequate knowledge on the transmission of STD/HIV, there are still a great number of risky attitudes in sex behavior, like the practice of sex without condoms, and a low chance self-perception for getting sick with a STD. Conclusions: The authors question the reason of the lack of commitment and responsibility among the population studied, once it was noted a correct perception on the transmission of STD/HIV.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/psychology , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , HIV , Military Personnel/psychology , Primary Health Care , Sexual Behavior , Access to Information , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/psychology
17.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 53(2): 142-146, 2007. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-452656

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: O estudo avalia sensibilidade gustativa ao sal, excreção urinária de sódio e pressão arterial (PA) em normotensos. A hipótese foi de que limiar de sensibilidade gustativa ao sal (LSGS) aumentado se associasse a maior natriúria em 24 horas e níveis aumentados de PA. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 24 voluntários sem diagnóstico de HA. Para avaliar LSGS, usou-se soluções de cloreto de sódio (NaCl) em diferentes concentrações. Os voluntários foram submetidos à monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial (MAPA) de 24 horas e coleta de urina de 24 horas para dosagem de sódio (NaU). Para análise, foram agrupados de acordo com o LSGS, aumentado ou normal. RESULTADOS: Os grupos não diferiram para idade, índice de massa corporal (IMC), variáveis demográficas, uso de álcool, fumo e PA. NaU foi significativamente maior no grupo com LSGS aumentado. Utilizando-se o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, com significância determinada pelo teste t, houve correlação de forte intensidade entre médias de PA sistólica e diastólica com IMC, de regular intensidade entre LSGS e NaU, assim como para PA sistólica e NaU. CONCLUSÃO: Natriúria de 24 horas foi maior em indivíduos com LSGS aumentado, sugerindo que esta maior avidez ao sal determine maior ingestão de sódio. Houve forte associação entre PA e IMC. Não foi evidenciada associação entre LSGS e PA, diferente do já documentado em pacientes com PA aumentada. Aumentando-se o número de pessoas, faixa etária e pacientes com níveis pressóricos aumentados, talvez se respondam outras perguntas a respeito da relação entre LSGS, natriúria e PA.


OBJECTIVE: The study evaluates salt taste sensibility, urinary sodium excretion and blood pressure (BP) in normotensive persons. The hypothesis was that a higher salt taste threshold (STT) can be associated to a higher 24 hour natriuresis and increased BP levels. METHODS: Twenty four not hypertensive volunteers were selected. To evaluate STT, different concentrations of sodium chloride were used. Individuals were submitted to 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and the 24 hour urine was collected for sodium dosage. Patients were divided in two groups related to higher or normal STT. RESULTS: Both groups did not differ regarding age or body mass index (BMI). There was no difference between the groups regarding demographic variables, alcohol or tobacco use, and ABPM. Twenty-four hour natriuresis was significantly higher in the group with increased STT. Using Pearson´s correlation coefficient, with the significance determined by Student-t test, there was a strong correlation between 24 hour Systolic BP and BMI, Diastolic BP and BMI, and a regular correlation between STT with 24 hour natriuresis and Systolic BP with 24 hour natriuresis. CONCLUSION: Twenty four hour natriuresis was significantly higher in individuals with higher STT, suggesting that this avidity for salt is followed by higher ingestion of sodium. There was strong association between BP and BMI. The association between STT and BP levels was not confirmed. Increasing the number of persons, the age bracket, and of hypertensive patients may lead to a better understanding of the relations between STT, natriuresis and BP variation.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Blood Pressure/physiology , Natriuresis/physiology , Sodium, Dietary/administration & dosage , Taste Threshold/physiology , Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory , Body Mass Index , Reference Values
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